![]() Taken together, these results support the notion that the automatic detection of deviance in kanji compounds may be limited to a low-level feature, such as the stimulus stroke thickness. ![]() Although no significant activity upon detecting lexically correct/incorrect kanji compounds or pseudo-kanji character deviations was observed, the activity in the posterior transverse region of the collateral sulcus (pCoS)-which is a fusiform neighboring area-was larger when detecting lexically correct kanji compounds than when detecting pseudo-kanji characters. Activity in the occipital pole region of the brain was observed upon the detection of font-type deviance within 250 ms of stimulus onset. The abovementioned three kinds of stimuli containing 20% deviants were presented during the MEG measurement. The study included 22 adult native Japanese speakers (16 females). We employed magnetoencephalography (MEG) to evaluate the spatiotemporal profiles of the related brain regions. To clarify whether this phenomenon occurs with Japanese kanji compounds-since their lexicality is related to semantic association-we investigated the brain response by utilizing three types of deviants: differences in font type, lexically correct or incorrect Japanese kanji compound words and pseudo-kanji characters modified from correct and incorrect compounds. As a manifestation of the automatic processing of words, an automatic deviance detection of visual word stimuli can be observed in the early stages of visual recognition. Reading fluency is based on the automatic visual recognition of words. 13Department of Pediatrics, Tottori Prefectural Rehabilitation Center, Tottori, Japan.12Integrated Neuroanatomy and Neuroimaging, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.11Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku-shi, Japan.10Department of Neurosurgery, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan.9Open Systems Information Science Team, Advanced Data Science Project, RIKEN Information R&D and Strategy Headquarters (R-IH), RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan.8Brain Center, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.7Department of Information Technology and Human Factors, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan.6Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters, Keio University, Minato-ku, Japan.5Cognitive Brain Research Unit (CBRU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.4Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan.3College of Education, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan.2Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan.1Department of Developmental Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan.Yuka Egashira 1*, Yoshimi Kaga 1,2, Atsuko Gunji 1,3,4, Yosuke Kita 5,6, Motohiro Kimura 7, Naruhito Hironaga 8, Hiroshige Takeichi 1,9, Sayuri Hayashi 1, Yuu Kaneko 10, Hidetoshi Takahashi 4,11, Takashi Hanakawa 4,12, Takashi Okada 1 and Masumi Inagaki 1,13
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